class 4th evs ncert practice for ctet
ch2
•Those animals whose ears you can see have hair on their body. These animals give birth to the young ones. Those animals that do not have ears on the outside, do not have hair on their body. These animals lay eggs
•A bird has tiny holes on both sides of its head. Generally, the holes are covered with feathers. They help the bird to hear
ch3
•an adult elephant can eat more than 100 kilograms of leaves and twigs in one day? Elephants do not rest very much. They sleep for only two to four hours in a day. Elephants love to play with mud and water. The mud keeps their skin cool. Their big ears also work like fans. The elephants flap these to keep themselves cool.
•An elephant herd has mainly females and baby elephants. The oldest female is the leader of the herd. A herd may have 10 to 12 female elephants and young ones. Male elephants live in the herd till they are 14–15 years old. Then they leave their herd and move around alone.
ch4
•Khejadli village is near Jodhpur in Rajasthan. The village got its name because of the many Khejadi trees that grew there. The people of this village took great care of the plants, trees and animals. Goats, deer, hares and peacocks roamed fearlessly
•Three hundred years later, the people of this area, called Bishnois, protected plants and animals. Even though in the middle of the desert, this area is green and animals roam freely without fear.
•The Khejadi tree is found mainly in desert areas. It can grow without much water. Its bark is used for making medicines. People cook and eat its fruits (beans). Its wood is such that it will not be affected by insects. Animals in this area eat the leaves of the Khejadi. And children like you, play in its shade.
ch5
•Bochaha village. This is in Muzzafarpur district in Bihar.
•Anita Khushwaha is a ‘Girl Star’. ‘Girl Stars’ is a project which tells extraordinary tales of ordinary girls who have changed their life by going to school.
•What is RTE-Act 2009? This provides the right of free and compulsory education to each child aged 6 to 14 years.
•There are many litchi trees in our area. Honeybees are attracted to the litchi flowers. Many people do bee-keeping and collect honey. I thought that I could also do this. I joined a course run by the government to learn about this. I was the only girl in this course. During my training I found that honeybees lay their eggs from October to December. This was the best time to start bee-keeping.
•sugar to make the syrup for honeybees, and medicines to clean the beehives.
•The litchi trees come to flower in February.
•Every beehive has one Queen Bee that lays eggs. There are only a few males in the hive. Most of the bees in the hive are worker-bees. These bees work all day. They make the hive and also look after the baby bees. They fly around flowers in search of nectar. They collect nectar from flowers for honey. When one bee finds flowers with nectar, it does a special kind of dance by which the other bees can know where the nectar is. The worker bees are very important for the hive. Without worker-bees there would be neither hive nor any nectar collection. All bees in the hive would go hungry. The male bees have no special role as workers.
•Ants live and work together like honeybees. The Queen Ant lays the eggs, the Soldier Ants look after and guard the ants’ nest, Worker Ants are always busy looking for food and bringing it to the nest. Termites and wasps also live like this.
ch6
•Gandhidham, Ahmedabad and Valsad are in Gujarat. Kozhikode is in Kerala. Show these states to the children on the map to help them realise what a long journey it
ch7
The route from Goa to Kerala has a total of 2000 bridges and 92 tunnels!
ch8
•: In many parts of Kerala the ferry and other kinds of boats are commonly used to travel from one place to another.
ch9
•Susheela of Ranga Reddy district who are going back to school. She also got the help of the Panchayat. The Panchayat said that young children should play and study and not be married off. A group of people of Andhra Pradesh holds special camps to help married girls to go back to school. Jangamma and Chitti say, “We would like to study and stand on our own feet.”
ch10
Karnam Malleshwari is a weight lifter. She lives in Andhra Pradesh. Her father is a police constable. Malleshwari started lifting weights when she was 12 years old. Now she can lift a weight of 130 kilograms. Karnam has won 29 medals in international events. Her four sisters also practise weight lifting
•Leela, here, jwala kabbadi coach
Ch11
•In the hills of Uttarakhand there is a place where there are flowers everywhere. This place is called the ‘Valley of Flowers’. In some places, one sees red flowers blooming on bushes, while in others one finds white flowers peeping out between the stones. There are wide areas carpeted with the brightest yellow flowers. And suddenly, elsewhere, blue flowers shining like tiny stars between the grass. All this seems like a beautiful dream, doesn’t it? Yes, because like a dream these flowers bloom only for a few weeks in the year.
•The design in the picture is called ‘Madhubani’. It is a very old form of folk art. There is a district in Bihar called Madhubani. Here, during festivals and happy occasions, the walls of the houses and their courtyards are painted with such pictures. These paintings are made out of paste of powdered rice in which colour has been mixed. The colours used in Madhubani painting are very special too. To make them, indigo (Neel), turmeric (Haldi), colours from flowers and trees, etc., are used. The paintings show human beings, animals, trees, flowers, birds, etc.
•up _ kashgar flower eat Kerala _ Banana maharashtra _ sahjan , panoramic
•Colours are made from many flowers like marigolds, zenia, etc. These colours can also be used to dye cloth.
•The Kannauj district in Uttar Pradesh is famous for Itr. Truckloads of flowers are brought from neighbouring areas for this purpose.Itr, rose water, Kewra water are prepared from flowers here. Thousands of people in Kannauj are engaged in this work.
ch12
•Dera Gazikhan. Today this place is in Pakistan
•cow dung mixed with the mud. coated the floor with this mixture.
•neem and keekar trees for termites would not harm the wood.
ch14
•Belvanika village in Karnataka. It is the month of July ,the field to sow the onion crop. • Khunti (an iron rod) to dig the soil, loosen it and make it soft
•illige to cut the dried leaves from the top of the onions. The illige is sharp and you have to be careful not to cut your fingers.
ch15
okra-BHINDI
ch16
•In the space between these stones, an Indian Robin has laid its eggs
•the nest was made of grass. On top there were soft twigs, roots, wool, hair and cotton wool. This is how the robin makes its nest. What a soft and cosy home for its chicks! The robin is not like the crow. A crow’s nest is made of all kinds of things – even pieces of wire and wood.
• koel lays its eggs in a crow’s nest. The crow hatches them along with its own eggs.
•The crow builds its nest high up on a tree. The dove makes its nest among the thorns of a cactus plant or a mehendi hedge. The sparrow can be found in and around our own house. It makes its nest anywhere – on top of a cupboard, behind a mirror, on a ledge. Pigeons also make their nest like this. Often they make nests in old or deserted buildings. The barbet or coppersmith bird can be heard in the summer with its ‘tuk, tuk, tuk’ call. It makes its nest in a hole, in a tree trunk. And the tailor bird uses its sharp beak to stitch together two leaves on a bush. It lays its eggs in the fold of the leaf that it has made. This is its nest. The sunbird makes a nest that hangs from the branch of a small tree or a bush. The same evening, we saw a sunbird’s nest. Can you guess what its nest is made of? The nest has hair, grass, thin twigs, dry leaves, cotton wool, bits of tree bark, pieces of cloth rags and even spider’s cobwebs.
•The male weaver bird make beautifully woven nests. The female looks at all the nests and chooses the one that she likes the best and decides in which to lay her eggs.
•Cows have short front teeth for snipping grass. The teeth on the sides are large and flat for chewing the grass. Cats have sharp teeth for tearing and cutting meat
•Snakes have sharp curved teeth, but they do not chew their prey. Snakes always swallow their food whole. Squirrel’s front teeth keep growing throughout their life. They have to keep gnawing on things to keep their teeth from becoming too long.
ch19
Desert Oak is a tree that is found in Australia. It grows almost as tall as your classroom wall. It has very few leaves. Guess how deep its roots go down? Imagine the length of about 30 such trees laid down in a line end to end, one after another. That is how long the roots of this tree can be. These roots go deep into the ground till they reach water. This water is stored in the tree trunk. Local people knew about this. When there was no water in the desert, the local people use to put a thin pipe into the trunk of the tree, to drink this water.
ch20
•Magh Bihu is celebrated on 14 and 15 of January (1st and 2nd Magh, the tenth month of Assamese calendar). The first day is called Uruka, and that day people build a temporary shed called Bhela Ghar and have a community feast. Bora is a common variety of rice used in Assam. These are ‘sticky’ rice. Encourage children to locate Assam on the map. Bhela Ghar Rationalised 2023-24
The women were dressed in pat and Muga mekhela-chador.
•Mid Day Meal is a national programme launched by the Government of India on 15 August 1995. 2) The programme was launched to enhance the nutritional condition of school-going children. 3) It ensures that hot cooked food will be served to all the children of age 6-14 years studying in Government schools.
ch23
•Mukhtapur village is in the Pochampalli town (mandal) of Telangana. Most of the families in this town are weavers. That is why the special cloth that they weave is called Pochampalli. The villagers have been doing this work for a long time. traditional occupations like carpet weaving, toy making, Itr production, etc.
•Silk cloth and silk sarees are woven from the silk thread. Cotton thread is used to weave cotton sarees, cloth, sheets, etc. The loom has many needles. The size and number of the needles changes according to the design. The weavers weave the beautiful Pochampalli sarees in bright colours. Through their traditional craft they have made their region world famous.
•Pochampalli in India that are famous for making special things. These things have become famous by the name of the place where they are made, like – Kullu shawls, Madhubani paintings, Assam silk, Kashmiri embroidery, etc.
ch24
•capital city of United Arab Emirates (UAE) called Abu Dhabi
•the colour of the sand kept changing – white, brown, yellow, red, black. We saw mountains made only of sand.” “They are called sand dunes,
•fruit trees–coconuts, bananas, jackfruit, papaya, betelnut … so many kind of trees We used to see only one kind of tree there – the date palms – because it is the only one that can grow in the desert. The date is the most common fruit.”
•Water is really very precious over there. No rain, no rivers, no lakes, no ponds. Even below the ground there is no water.” “But,”, “there is a lot of oil under the sandy soil. So petrol is easily available in these countries.” “In fact petrol is cheaper than water,”
•abu dhabi currency dirham
ch26
•Lieutenant Commander Wahida Prism, doctor in the Indian Navy. She is one of the few women who has worked on a naval ship. She is the first woman to lead a parade. This is considered to be a very big honour in the armed forces.
•from a very small village called Thannamandi. This is in Rajouri district of Jammu and Kashmir
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