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Science chapter - Rocks and minerals full solved chapter for students

 Full solved chapter


Rocks and minerals


Define 


Magma- rocks are formed by the cooling and depositing of molten rock material called magma.


Metallic minerals- some minerals found in the rock contain metals and are called metallic minerals.


Ore- The metallic minerals from which metal can be profitably extracted are called ores


Word      meaning


Mantle   अच्छादान

Molten    पिघला हुआ

Sedimentary अवसादी

Metamorphic  रूपांतरित

Obsidian     लावा काँच

Pumice   कुहरन पत्थर

Igneous   आग्नेय

Conglomerate समूह

Limestone  चूना पत्थर

Gneiss  शैल

Fossil fuels जीवाश्म इंधन

Ore   अयस्क


One word


Ques-1 How many layers of Earth?

Ans- Three.


Ques-2 ___ is molten rock material.

Ans- Magma.


Ques-3 What is the other name of igneous rock.

Ans- Fire rock.


Ques-4 ____ is known as basalt rock.

Ans- Scoria rock.


Ques-5 Shale rock is used to make____ and ___.

Ans- Bricks, tiles.


Ques-6 Quartzite is the type of ______ rock.

Ans- Metamorphic 


Ques-7 Give one example of non- Metallic minerals.

Ans- Coal.


Ques-8 Which metal is extracted from bauxite ore.

Ans- Aluminium.


Very Short


Ques-1 Name the three layers of The Earth with proper diagram.

Ans-  The crust, the mantle and the core


Ques-2 What is a Rock?

Ans- A Rock is a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter.


Ques-3 how does Pumice rocks form?

Ans- Pumice rocks are formed when the lava cools quickly above the ground.


Ques-4 How can we conserve natural resources?

Ans- we can take steps like carpool, using public transport and maintaining the vehicles in good condition so that they use less fuel.


Short 


Ques-1 Where is the coal mine situated and what is the use of coal? 

Ans- coal mines are situated in Sohagpur (Madhya Pradesh )Dhanbad( Jharkhand) Raniganj( West Bengal) and Singaneri (Andhra Pradesh)

 coal is used-

  1. As a fuel

  2. To run steam engine

  3. To blast furnaces ,used in steel plants

  4. In thermal power plants to generate electricity



Ques-2 write a short note on petroleum.

Ans- crude oil is formed from organisms that live in water and got buried  in layers of sediments millions of years ago. The dead remains of these living things got buried in layers and gradually changed into thick dark oil called petroleum



Ques-3 Name some ores and the metals to be extracted from them.

Ans- 

Ore

Metal

Haematite

Iron

Bauxite

Aluminium

Pyrite

Copper

Calamine

Zinc

Long


Ques-1 write a brief note on the groups of rocks.

Ans- rocks are divided into three groups

  1. Igneous rock

  2. Sedimentary

  3. Metamorphic rock


  1. Igneous rock- igneous rock are one of the oldest rock on the Earth. these rocks are formed by the cooling and depositing of molten Rock material called magma the magma lies in the core of the earth and is pushed upward by the pressure of other rocks.

Ex- granite rocks ,scoria rocks ,pumice rocks and obsidian rocks




  1. Sedimentary rocks- rain wind rivers and flowing water carry out erosions of Rock on mountains these Rock pieces are carried by water to the seas and the ocean on the land and deposited in the layer. Repeated depositions presses down the lower layer and hardened them into rock

        Ex- sandstone rocks ,limestone rocks , shale Rock       gypsum rock.




  1. Metamorphic rock - these rocks are formed by the transformation of existing Rock under heat and pressure into a new rock with the different chemical composition they are mostly formed below the earth's crust.

ex - marble, slate ,quartzite and gneiss.




Ques-2 complete the following table.



Rocks

Used for

Granite

Making buildings, statue

Pumice 

Body scrubber, polish the floor

Limestone 

Bricks and glass

Conglomerate 

Construction work

Shale

Bricks and tiles

Gypsum

Plaster of paris ,moulds

Marble

Making building, statue

Slate

Blackboards, slates and roof

Gneiss

Ornament stone in buildings


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